Observe patient for signs of pain both verbal and nonverbal Teach and encourage patients to use relaxation techniques Administer analgesic as ordered (for pain, if needed) Monitor respiratory frequency, depth of breathing; Auscultate breath sounds and record a Ronchi Assess for dyspnea, stridor and cyanosis Provide oxygen therapy if necessary Determine the patient’s ability […]
Advise patients to sleep with feet higher, while the body remained supine to increase the venous return, and allow the blood to the brain and other organs. Monitor vital signs since changes in vital signs when bleeding occurs more intense. Monitor intake and output every 5-10 minutes since change the output is a sign […]
Assess for hoarseness, stridor, shortness of breath, and cyanosis Keep patient on strict bed rest, strict isolation. Room should be bright, sunny and with adequate means of ventilation Provide cleansing throat gargle as ordered. Give liquid or soft diet, gavage or parenteral fluid. Observe for respiratory obstruction (tracheotomy). Use suctioning as needed. O2 […]
Assess characteristics of pain, location, frequency. Assess the factors causing pain relief (fear, anger, anxiety) so as to provide appropriate action to reduce the pain. Teach relaxation techniques take a deep breath to help override the pain as well as to help to relax and reduce nausea. Administer analgesics as ordered. Describe any actions […]
Ensure that the patient actually has a CSF leak. While some patients have clear fluid leaking from ear or nose that was not present preinjury, in others, it might not be obvious. Place the patient at bed rest with the head elevated to decrease intracranial pressure, thereby decreasing leakage. Restrict […]
Examine skin condition. Monitor vital signs. Assess skin color changes. Examine for signs of infection. Instruct the patient to not pinch or scratch the skin area Keep the infected area clean and dry. Reduce the formation of scales with the provision of bath oil Patient’s motivation for consuming nutrients: high in calories and high in […]
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