- Fear related to:
- Knowledge deficit
- Lack of social support in threatening situation
- Negative impact on survivors
- Hopelessness related to:
- Prolonged restriction of activity resulting in isolation
- Deteriorating physiologic condition
- Terminal illness
- Long term stress
- Perceived significant loss of loved one, youth influence
- Powerlessness related to:
- Chronic debilitating disease
- Terminal illness
- Institutional environment
- Interpersonal behavior of others
